Citing -- documenting and attributing your sources -- is important for your scholarly credibility. You may have a good idea, but simply stating it does not make it true or believable. When you build on previous research by citing, you give your ideas validity and demonstrate how those ideas connect to other authors' or artists' works. Additionally, citations help the next researcher understand the steps you took in your research process, and allows them to find sources for their research.
Finally, avoiding plagiarism is key to academic honesty. Claiming someone's original work as your own is fraud. Citations give authors their due credit.
Citation is widely used as a metric for evaluating performance in Western academia. Like other cultural practices, citation is susceptible to biases that reflect and reinforce dominant historical power structures of race, gender, and class.
Citation justice is the practice of maintaining an awareness of these biases and actively working to build more inclusive and equitable citation networks within your works. By choosing to cite scholars with varied backgrounds and identities, you intentionally expand the academic conversation, and increase equity and inclusion in your fields.
Some suggestions for inclusive citation practice include:
Interested in learning more about citation justice?
Good writing is expected of students at the University of Michigan. Writing helps you make your points, clarify and extend your research with evidence, and demonstrate your understanding of a topic. Because most academic disciplines have different writing conventions and styles, we recommend that you refer to handbooks, usage and style guides, manuals, grammars, etc. found in our collections. On campus writing support is available, too.
Some other helpful sources include: