As the concept of game-based learning is evolving, it's been called by many different names, including gameful learning and gamification.
Although definitions are also evolving, here are a few differences in broad terms. Game-based learning is "simply learning through games," while gamification is "the application of game-like mechanics to non-game entities to encourage a certain type of behavior."
Here are some resources to get you started.
"Game-based learning"
Gamification
"Gameful learning"
"Gameful pedagogy"