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Translation Studies

Resources for finding translations, conducting research in translation studies, and locating online tools for translators.

Selected online dictionaries by language

English

Oxford English Dictionary (OED)

Middle English Dictionary

Oxford Reference
Over 400 dictionaries, language reference, and subject reference works published by Oxford University Press.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

 

Arabic

Arabic Almanac
View, browse, and search Hans Wehr's Dictionary, Lane's Lexicon and Supplement, and Hava's Dictionary

Arabic Almanac iPhone App (Hans Wehr)
Digital version of the famous Hans Wehr dictionary, searchable in Arabic by root. Also available for Android.

A dictionary of modern written Arabic (Hans Wehr)
1961 edition available for browse and download via MENAdoc. English entries are searchable.

 

Chinese

Chinese Dictionaries and Reference Sources

Ancient Chinese to Modern Chinese 古代汉语字典

Modern Chinese to Modern Chinese 现代汉语大词典

 

Dutch

Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal

Dutch Dictionary (Lexilogos)

 

French

Le Grand Robert de la langue française

ARTFL: Dictionnaires d'autrefois

 

German

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm (DWB)

LEO

 

Greek

Online Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon

Perseus Digital Library: Greek Dictionary

 

Hebrew

Modern Hebrew Dictionary (Lexilogos)

 

Portuguese

Michaelis Dicionário Português Online

 

Russian

Словари
Collection of dictionaries from the Institute of Linguistic Research

Фундаментальная электронная библиотека: Словари, энциклопедии
Collection of general and specialized dictionaries

Recommended Russian-English dictionaries: 
Oxford Russian Dictionary 
Katzner's English-Russian, Russian-English Dictionary
Reverso

 

Spanish

Real Academia Española: Diccionario de la lengua española and Diccionario panhispánico de dudas

Your Dictionary: Romance Languages